Sejarah
Kedatangan Kaum Cina Yang Orang Melayu Perlu Tahu.
Satu artikel mengenai kaum Cina yang
ditulis oleh orang Cina.
Orang Melayu perlu faham sejarah kedatangan mereka dan kenapa mereka menubuhkan sekolah vernakular mereka.
Sesiapa yang rajin boleh tolong terjemahkan dalam Bahasa Melayu.
By TAI ZEE KIN
Orang Melayu perlu faham sejarah kedatangan mereka dan kenapa mereka menubuhkan sekolah vernakular mereka.
Sesiapa yang rajin boleh tolong terjemahkan dalam Bahasa Melayu.
By TAI ZEE KIN
My dear Chinese friends,
I find that this article which has been
written by a young Chinese Malaysian brings the true sense and feeling of the
Chinese Malaysia from the history of those years until now.
It was exactly why we Malaysian Chinese
could not be a truly Malaysian first disregard however hard we try and shout to
the Nusantara that we are all Malaysians.
We will always be the Chinese first then
only Malaysian.
Assimilation by marriage will be a
solution in which will bred a new generation of Malaysian of mix blood and
culture. Something to ponder by the Chinese in Malaysia . I totally agree with
him and below i would like to share his article to all for the benefit to
foster a more tolerable and peaceful environment for all.
........................................................................................
Ethnic Han (chinese)-Malaysian, please
wake up from our ancestors' grievance and despair!
马来西亚汉裔同胞，从我们祖先哀怨和悔恨的沉睡中醒起来吧-
(Preface - This article was originally
written by me fully in Mandarin. However i have not gathered enough courage to
publish the mandarin version, having anticipated attacks from Chinese
Chauvinists in Malaysia. I've seek many advices from wise people before putting
my thoughts together in this issue. In the spirit of Malaysia, I shall put
forth this to you. I dedicate this to every Malaysian, especially our brothers
and sisters from different races and ethnicity.)
- "I was listening to a song by the
name of 黄河怨 (Grievance of the
Yellow River). The wordings of the song reflected the grievance and
mourning by the widows and children of chinese men who went on to fight the
japanese. The wordings of the song was painful. they were saddening, and full
of regrets."
1) The Great Divide - of Northern and
Southern Chinese Immigrants
Being a chinese malaysian/ Han Malaysian,
when you know another new Han Malaysian friends by their name, you would then
supplement another question that other races wouldn't common asked : "What
is your dialect clan"?
Are you a hokkien? are you a cantonese,
are you a hakka, are you a fuchiew, are you a TiewChew, are you a hainamese, or
are you a Kwongxi?
many wouldn't go all the way to ask if you
are a kwongxi.
Had it occur to you, that NO ONE ever
asked, if you're a : Shanghainese, SiChuanese, BeiJingnese, Nanjingnese, HeBei,
?
During the last Dynasty and the reign of
the last Manchurian Emperor Pu-Yi, with the influences and bullying by the 8
foreign-alliances on China (八国联军）, as well as persistent
civil war lead by Dr Sun-Yat Sen, many Han Chinese, who forms the majority of
the Chinese population couldn't bear it any longer. They were living in
absolute poverty and were suffering from impoverishment. Deep inside their
guts, they couldn't swear absolute loyalty to their king, who were of a
different ethnicity from north - the ethnic manchuria, who practices distinct
culture from the ethnic han from almost every aspect.
Northern Chinese were commonly known as
the 官人 (the rich/upper class).
If you trace the english word "MANDARIN", it came from the ancient
Sanskrit connotation of "MENTRI/MENTERI", which means "of the
upper class". Mandarin, was known as the "dialect of the northern
upper class". People who speaks Mandarin dialect, were the beijing
officials from north. - I will elaborate further on this later.
Southern Chinese, like the Hokkiens,
FUchiew, Hainamese, albeit adhering to the same writing system, spoke it
differently. THese are the farmers, petty merchants, or commonly perceived as
the "lower class" among the ethnic Hans. They long succumbed to the
fate that northerner who speaks the upper class dialect (官语）-which later was known
as the "mandarin" dialect are far more superior and richer.
living through poverty under the last
ching dynasty, and severe instablity during the Nationalist Party's Reign under
Yuan Shi Kai, many Chinese decided to leave the country.
Don't get it wrong here however.
The northern Chinese left China, with the
intention of leaving it for good. they are comprised of the the poor, but
mostly the rich. These people fearing that their assets would not survive
through persistent civil warfare and lateron, the world war two, brought
everything along with them to "better places", such as the USA and
Europe.
The southern Chinese however, were
"less" affected by the political instability, not being located in
the crux of the game of thrones as much as the northerner. They, on the other
hand, were those who seeked to "Change" the fate of their family.
With that in mind, they went down south, as brought and offered by the British,
to the Nusantara. (British was one of the 8 country alliances that dictated
alot of china's politics).
They were brought in as Miner, labourer,
and petty merchants to Nusantara countries, in order to work for the colonial
masters' economical favour.
They were clinging on the hope that one
day, upon gathering enough wealth, they could bring back their wealth here to
China, and change the lifestyle of their Family in China. Some came alone,
leaving their wive and children. Many others, bring along their immediate
family members.
They suffered through the difficult passages
to commute down south through massive ships, squeezing into the cramped little
room for 1 month with technically minimal hygene provisions, just to get their
way to Malaya.
They, were our ancestors.
__________________________________________________________
2.) Do you know that most of your
ancestors do not speak the language you are speaking now?
MY grandgrandmother Chan Seong Lan, who
died 3 years ago at the age of 105, was one of the migrants. I had the
privileged of hearing 1st hand experience from her regarding her journey.
Granny Chan came from TeowChiew.
When i was young, I had terrible
communication problem with granny Chan. I spoke mandarin eloquently. but She
doesn't. She speaks perfect Hakka and Teow Chiew, but never mandarin. To be honest,
I've never heard she uttered a single mandarin phase. (what made me proud was
that her MALAY was really good. She always "sembang" with the lady
who sell laksa in front of her house, so i was told).
Our ancestors came down to Malaya with
their dialect and language. they were very ignorant over the mandarin dialect
(common acknowledge as a "language" in modern days). They do not even
think that there was a need to learn mandarin. Most of their culutral practices
and behavours were defined by their dialects, such as the Hokkiens and Teow
Chiews' "Pai Ti Gong" ceremony on the 9th day of Lunar New Year or
the Hakka's food like "Son Pan Zi", "Hakka teoh Fu" etc.
They came in with the simple thoughts of
gathering Money, and bring it back to China so that it would benefit their
relatives and family up in China. If you still have relatives above the age of
85, do ask them if they have siblings in China, and why didn't they go back to
reconcile and reunite with them. we shall explore "why" they didn't
go back in the next discussion.
_________________________________________________________
3.) Our ancestors who wanted to go back to
China, did not go back. Why?
As mentioned above, their main reason of
coming down to Malaya/other south east asian country, was not to settle down
permanently, unlike the northern Chinese who migrated to Europe or the
US.
Our Ancestors taught us a thousand year
old virtue, of " Ru Xiang Sui Su 入乡随俗“ ( if you're in another
foreign/alien land, you assimilate or integrate into the culture and practices
of that society). "Ru Xiang Sui Su" was the guiding principle of the
chinese who wanted to permanently migrate into a new society. You see the American
Chinese migrant adapting Christian name, going to US schools, reading their
news papers (of course you still have chinese circulation or chinese food in
China town, which will be discussed later - as in the comparison between the
china town of chinese who wanted to settle down in new society permanently, and
the china town of Malaysia, former are likened to be a "remembrance"
of their root, later is just a facade). The Chinese in Europe too incorporated
into the european culture fairly quickly, where they won't be satisfied until
their english is rich of British Accent. They did not forget their root
nontheless of being ethnic chinese/han, but in terms of lifestyle and routine,
they've assimilated and integrated into the society they've migrated to. You see
that in places like Japan, Korea, or Thailand too for that matter.
However, this virtue of "Ru Xiang Sui
Su" did not apply to southern chinese who've migrated to Malaya. This is
simply because they never wanted to stay permanently.
Furthermore, the fact that our ancestors
started Chinese school in early 1900, (first being Foon Yew High School in
Johor) , started of Chinese Press (Kwong Wah Jit Poh, which is much earlier
than Utusan) proved the irrebutable fact that our Ancestors WANTED to ensure that
their next generation to be "well equipped" with the Chinese language
and culture/customs, so that when they are back in China they would be able to
adapt into the norms/culture in China easily. Chinese who migrated with the
intention to permanently settled down in a foreign country, never started
chinese school or chinese press in the scale that our ancestors did. Back then,
Chinese school was not unified. You have Penang's "Fu Jian High
School", which conducts it's lesson in Hokkien (currently, renamed "Penang
Chinese Girl School/ Bin Hwa High School"). The name of the chinese
schools also pretty much reflect on our ancestor's "reminder" of the
fact that their presence in Malaya was temporary. you have "中华CHONG HWA". Chong
Hua is the abbreviation of the "Chong hua/ tiong hua" race (not
ethnic), which then is another rephase of the term 中土大园的华夏民族 (the Hua Xia (deepest
root of the chinese) race from the main land ground). Contrary to popular
believe, Chong Hua is not derived from China's Full Name "中华人民共和国“'s "Zhong
hwa". in fact, both China's name, and CHinese School's name in Malaya
derived from the first root of Chinese race (again, not ethnic Han), which is
the "Main colossal Land's Hua Xia race 华夏 race).
what was the reason that they then stayed
permanently?
If you read my previous blog post of
"bumiputra, for non-bumiputra" ----> Link
www.facebook.com/taizeekin/posts/10151559295110306 you would have realized that
they CAN'T go back to China, against their desire.
soon after they came down, the world war
two started. japanese invaded China, and there were civil war in CHina between
the Communist fraction and the Nationalist fraction. Fact that Dr Sun Yat Sen
started off his revolutionism from Penang, before recapturing China from the
last manchurian emperor shows how deep an affinity between the CHinese in
Malaya and China (of course he got his later funding from alot of oversea
chinese in europe and USA as well, but he started in Penang, Malaysia).
Our Ancestors had NO CHOICE to go back to
china and reunite with their siblings, family and loved one. As soon as the war
ends, Communist party defeated Nationalist party lead by Chiang Kai Sek, and
practiced "Close Door Policy". the Whole china, like North Korea, was
sealed. No one was to enter and no one was to leave (technically).
Malaysian ethnic Han/Chinese will have no
choice, but to negotiate for a settlement plan. They GRIEVE and MOURNE over the
fact that they could no longer go back and reunite with their family in
mainland China. But settlement in Malaya, was never meant to be perpetually.
That's why they actually agreed to alot of terms that were seemingly
compromising meritocracy on their part, but INSIST on venacular education.
(read my previous blog above for an understanding about citizenship en mass).
Venacular education, is the ONLY way they can ensure that their descendant like
you and me, would be able to converse in our native mother tongue used in
China, so that we could adapt the China's society when we're back.
The GRIEVANCE and MOURNING were then
inscribed in our blood, and as a matter of fact, in the Federal Constitution
right to vernacular education was guarenteed as a result of the "great
trade off". the native nusantarian had no problem giving citizenship to
assimilated Chinese/Indian/Europeans as long as they do not withhold their
loyalty to their country of origin. Much to the malay's dismay, the chinese
back then had almost all loyalty, in my humble opinion to China. Those who choose
to assimilate would then be known as "peranakans", who speaks and
behave like native nusantarian. the nusantarian would treat them as part of
them. But because of the technical definition of them being
"Chinese", they were bound by the faith of the 1st Generation Chinese
Migrant unfortunately. The Seranis (eurasians) were not included in the
"CHinese/INdian" package deal in the constitution. they assimiliated
into the Nusantarian culture and was accepted. Again if you want to attack on
this point, do read my previous blog first (Bumiputra, for non-bumiputra
---> www.facebook.com/taizeekin/posts/10151559295110306 )
Therefore It's suffice to say that Our
ancestors, who wanted to prepare their next generation to go back in their
stead (they couldn't because of the close door policy and world war two),
instilled in our blood the "Legacy" of mandarin, the very gateway
language to go back to China.
_____________________________________________________________
4.) Chinese School : To protect the 5000
years old culture and knowledge, or its just about the language as our
Ancestor's legacy to become a gateway to go back to China?
I used to ask my friends from Chinese
school, independent, UEC, or SMJK, on why would they go to Chinese School
INstead of an ordinary National School.
i got 3 kinds of answers.
a.) The Chauvinistic answers
- Chauvinist (沙文主义） would tell me that it's
our duty to protect the 5000 years old wisdom and culture. thats why we have to
send our children to chinese school.
what these chauvinists failed to convince
me, is how going to chinese school would ensure that they would protect the
5000 years old history, culture and knowledge?
- I asked them, do you know the "Si
Shu Wu Jing (四书五经）, the four main
literature and 5 great mantras of the chinese. They couldn't even quote me the
title of the 9 most important literature work of the chinese literature.
- I asked them, do you know the different
school of thoughts between the confusionism 儒家思想, taoism 道家思想，or Mahayanian Buddhism 大乘佛理. they couldn't even
distuingshih religion rituals and philosophical ideology behind the Chinese
Culture-based religion
- I asked them, of the 4 great dishes in
Chinese Culture, 四大名菜，京菜，粤菜，闽菜，and 川菜 (Beijing culinery
culture, Cantonese culinery culture, Fu Jian culniery culture, and sichuan
culinery culture) , how many dishes can they name? they couldn't even name ONE.
- I asked them, do you know the different
between our Ethnic Han's tranditional costume, the HAN FU (汉服） and the Manchurian
Bannerman's CHEONG SAM/ KEI PO （长衫， 旗袍，旗服) ? they thought that
our traditional costume was Cheong Sam/ Kei fuk / Kei pou ), which was a
disgrace to our ancestors. we were ethnic HAN with HAN surname like Tan, Lim,
Chong, Teoh, but we called the Manchurian's costumes as our traditional
costumes. Manchurians have surname like Yehonala, Nurhachi, Aisinjeoro. Not
LIm, Tan, Chong. They didn't even know that.
Having said that, I , who camed from a
Malay school, knew more about Chinese Culture, History, Wisdom and knowledge
than them.
their defence of chauvinism hence became
obsolete, as you DON'T NEED Chinese school to defend the culture/knowledge of
the 5000 years old wisdom.
b.) For the language, Economical reason
since China is big.
That reason is even worse. Singapore has
ZERO Chinese School, but mandated everyone to brush up their mother tongue.
Singaporean ethnic chinese ended up speaking better Mandarin than Malaysian
ethnic CHinese/Han. THey didn't even need Chinese school for that?
If Mandarin is there for economical and practical
reason, they SHOULD acknowledge that and propogate mandarin's learning through
the right way. Not the chauvinistic way. I went to Malay school, but took up
mandarin all the way to SPM, ended up knowing more about mandarin the language,
and Chinese culture than many of the Chinese School graduates.
c.) Don't Know, just follow my parent's
wish
That is the most dangerous part. This is
exactly the very reason many chinese are living in our ancestors' legacy of
Grieving and Mourning over the fact that they COULDn"T go BACK to china,
and to make sure that their descendant are at least well equipped with the
language so that when they eventually go back to CHINA they would be able to
adopt at least in terms of language.
Chinese Education, is different from
Chinese Education system. I think it is important for people of every ethnic
origin to keep trace of their cultural route including language.
But we MUST not create an Education system
purely to accomodate that aspect. Our Ancestors had valid reason to create a
separate education system for chinese, for the very reason to prepare
themselves and their next generation to Go Back and adapt to CHina. but now
that we are permanently settled down in Malaysia, we should defend our mother
tongue as a "language to trace our root", but not a SEPARATE SYSTEM
altogether that would alienate a racial group from another throughout their
growing time.
_________________________________________________________
5.) China Premier Zhou En Lai's visit
in the 70s, when China ended it's close
door policy and begin to build foreign ties, Zhou En Lai visited Malaysia. He
then made a statement, asking Malaysian Chinese to Swear our loyalty to
Malaysia, to our King the Yang Dipertuan Agong.
That puts an END to our grievance and
despair of our ancestors, in an abrupt way. No more going back to CHina. CHINA
closed it's door to them.
Instead of moving on and , like every
other chinese around the world, to assimilate and integrate, our second
generation ancestors were very CONFUSED. their affinity to Chinese school
system is now changed, from initially being an affinity to mainland china, to
purely the school system. It's like , I am an Alumni from Chong Hwa school, and
i would NOT let it be replaced/closed. There are 1297 Chinese school in
Malaysia, and every each of these schools have alumnis who would, for the sake
of their affinity to the school per se, defend and justify their existence.
It soon became and issue of "Quality
of Education".
Chinese School was preferred, in the modern
context, mostly because of their quality. I have people telling me, Chinese
School has better teacher and better quality, thats why we send our kids there.
Therefore it's imperative that we do not
hide under the facade and hypocrisy of "Defending 5000 years old
culture", and admit that the reason they go to chinese school is because
of practical/economical/and quality consideration.
_________________________________________________________
6.) Chinese's ability and willingness to
adapt.
The Chinese, in fact, are among those who
are most willing to adapt and modify our culture to intergrate with another
culture that we look "highly" too. (of course, keeping a trace of our
ethnic han route)
How many Chinese couples wear our
traditional Han Fu costume during weddings. westernized, no?
Why many Chinese would adopt
"Christian" name (NOT western, i am talking about name like Michael,
Kelvin, Joseph, which are CHRISTIAN name) despite not being christians, and
fact that it's very foreign to Chinese culture? of course they keep their
enthic HAN route by keeping the surname/given name.
Why so many Chinese are willing to modify
our offerings to the Deities? instead of candle light, many are now replaced
with, hmn... red bulbs?
Talk about food, do you know that many of
the SO CALLED Chinese food like Hokkien Mee, Bak Kut Teh, Hainam Chicken rice,
can NEVER be found in Hokkien, or Hainam China? it's a modification and
adaptation to the South East Asian CHINESE taste and preference. If you can
modify most of the important cultures, it means you are flexible!
Chinese has a fairly flexible mode to
adapt.
fact that the reason Chinese refuse to
adapt to the Native nusantarian culture and behaviour, is very worrying. That's
the root of Racism, sparked by FAKE chinese chauvinism.
have you seen a Zikri Tan Boon Hook? or
Fatimah Ng Siew Lai? ok lets try with malay names instead of Islamic
/arabic/persian name. how about Mawar Liew Mei Siew? or Delima Ong Mai Ling?
no? you see more Christophers, Kelvins, Michaels (no offence to many of my
friends who've adopted christians name) than ever.
Why did we fail to adapt to the native
customes and culture is something that we have to ponder upon. i WOULD NOT
spell the words out here and risk being labelled a "traitor to the race"
like what Emeritus Professor Tan Sri Khoo Kay Kim has been treated rudely by
the ignorant chauvinists.
For my Chinese Friends who speaks hokkien.
How do you call a Malay person in Hokkien?
HUANNA 蕃仔 ? please use baidu.com
to find out what that really means. it's a disgrace and i felt ashamed.
_______________________________________________________________
7.) China Town
Have you been to the China Town in US big
sities, and also London's CHina Town? the China town in Western Countries are
VERY chinese. It serves as a "remembraces" and "traces" of
the Chinese origin for the migrants, as well as , for economical purposes sell
off the unique chineseness to the foreigners. Most Chinese migrants in these
country, who're well assimilated in their respective native culture, would from
time to time, visit China Town to remind themselve about their root, in the
form of remembrances more than "embracing" them.
Have you been to the China Twon in Kuala
LUmpur, and feel the sorry state of it even being duped as "china
town"? There is NO NEED for a China Town in Malaysia. most town in
Malaysia is China Town. Chinese bill boards, Chinese advertorials, Chinese
signboards etc. Why is there a need for a "CHINATOWN" anymore? any
Street in Penang or Certain street in KL/ Serdang/Puchong could well beat
London's China town as a more "china" china town.
_____________________________________________________________
8.) Malaysian First, or CHinese First?
Funny enough, If you ask that question,
Many Ethnic Han Chinese Malaysian would answer you that they are Malaysian
first, and Chinese second, without KNOWING what it means to be Malaysian first.
(Caution, if you are a URBAN BANANA, this
does not applies to you. according to cense report, there are only 9% of you
existing. rest 91% are Chinese educated ) You wake up every morning and watch
TVBS Asia, pheonix channel, CCTV4, or hua hee tai. Shows that 80% of other
Malaysians who are not chinese will never watch. Tune in to 988, myFM, aiFM,
OneFM, channels that 80% of Malaysians don't understand and will never listen
to. You reach your office, open up SinChew, NanYang, GwongMing, KwongWah, China
Press, Oriental daily, something that only 80% of Malaysians CANNOT understand.
you MIGHT have lunch with your malay/indian colleagues, and chat about life and
work. once you go home from work, you talk to your family, children in
Mandarin, a language that 80% of Malaysians CANNOT speak or understand. before
you sleep, you go to facebook and scroll through. You post among your friends,
whom 80% came from your ethnic.
in your daily routine, you are only a
MALAYSIAN for 20%, but Chinese 80%. and you call yourself a MALAYSIAN FIRST?
hmn... then perhaps, you could tell me how would Chinese first or Malaysian
first make a different to you? Lets not quote me example of "WHEN YOU ARE
OVERSEA" because you know what, how long are you over sea? so you're only
Malaysian first when you are oversea? hmnnn.
The goal of me posting this long post, is
to ASK for the ethnic HAN chinese Malaysian, to really reconsider our stand on
issues pertaining race. Stop being chauvinistic and start to integrate and
assimilate, WITHOUT compromising your ethnic identity. CHinese in UK/ US/
Thailand all did that willingly. why can't we? it's our ancestors' teaching that
we SHOULD do that.
WAKE UP from our ancestors grievance and
despair of not being able to go back to China. We are done with that. Let the
grievance and despair follow our ancestors to their grave. Start rethinking
about your stand as Malaysian.
Please INTEGRATE and ASSIMILATE into the
native culture, and OF COURSE , keep mandarin as a language that would trace
your ethnic origin. NOT THE OTHER WAY round or you are still TRAPPED in our
ancestor's grievance.
___________________________________________________________
P/s I will write another post on HOW
Mandarin, a dialect of the northerner, KILLS OFF our mother tongue (which is
our dialect). Mother tongue for Chinese is different, it's not the language,
but the dialect that our ancestors used. Do you know that great poet LI BAI 李白 wrote his poem in HE
BEI dialect, which is the current "Hokkien Language", and the HE BEI
dialect was the OFFICIAL language used in TANG dynasty royal palace and court?
and there you think everyone in the movie speaks mandarin it must be the spoken
language back then. MANDARIN is killing off your mother tonger. THe language is
called HAN language 汉语。mandarin, (formerly 官语，（language of the
aristocrats), now 普通话 putong hua, 华语 huayu) is MERELY a
dialect of the northener. Chinese language is HANYU + your DIALECT. NOT Hanyu +
MANDARIN.
that i will discuss in another post.
I further dedicate this post to Joan Lai,
Wayne Teo, Jeffrey Foh, and every Chinese Malaysian who thinks that we MUST
learn how to integrate into the native Malaysian culture.
Regards
TAI ZEE KIN
Sumber : syedsoutsidethebox.blogspot.com/2013/05/china-mari.html
*Mohon disebarkan supaya lebih ramai Orang Melayu tahu sejarah ini. Bila kita tahu dan memahami, kita lebih mudah membaca kenapa dan mengapa mereka bertindak sedemikian.
